If most philosophic thinkers ‘cause no alarm, they remove nothing from its hinges’, effectively ‘disturbing no one’, Nietzsche’s Schopenhauer demonstrated as much by what he wrote as ‘by his deeds that love of truth is something fearsome and mighty’. 275–298). Teachers as Absurd Heroes: Camus’ Sisyphus and the Promise of Rebellion,. I don't know why we still teach him, in philosophy - in psychology maybe - 0 2. Babich, B. See R. Scruton (1998) An Intelligent Person’s Guide to Modern Culture, ch. This indeed recurs in the more uncanny than beautiful word scene or painting that Nietzsche gives us in Zarathustra’s conversation with the dwarf in Of the Vision and the Riddle, claiming that the dwarf could not bear the weight of the thought itself. 266–7. But so far from praise, Ulrich Wilamowitz-Möllendorff insisted to us, and scholars, especially Nietzsche experts, have believed him ever since, unswerving, that Nietzsche’s work was proof of a lack of erudition (Wilamowitz-Möllendorff, 2000). 30Dans une partie intitulée « Les philosophes de l’époque tragique dévoilent, comme la tragédie, le monde » (ksa 7, 21 [16], 527 ; kgw iii /4, 21 [16], 119), Nietzsche esquisse la relation entre Héraclite (« L’art au service de la volonté » [Kunst im Dienst des Willens ]), Empédocle (« Amour et haine en Grèce » [Liebe und Haß in Griechenland]), et les autres présocratiques. 282–294). Hadot, P. (1995). Nietzsche’s teaching: An interpretation of thus spoke Zarathustra. Nietzsche, culture, and education (pp. Here what may be worth noting is that Nietzsche does not seem to choose the exemplary educator we might have chosen for him. For Nietzsche’s work in German: KSA: Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. What Nietzsche Means. (Cf. C’est, ... / KSA 13, 56-57 [7] A, p. 127 / KSA 3, 144 [8] Colli, Giorgio. Sorgner, S. (2017). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Babich, B. 30 Evans pleads for a redefinition of the terms “ synchronic ” and “ diachronic. See, further, UM 2.9 on the deadly truths that would reveal the meaninglessness of nature and hence reintroduce Silenus’ truth on a mass scale, which, in Nietzsche’s mind would lead to the ‘people perish[ing] of petty egoism, ossification and greed’. London: Bloomsbury. 11-27; ce passage est cité par Nietzsche lui-même dans Généalogie de la morale III, § '° § Educational Philosophy and Theory, 48(6), 589–604. This led me to consider questions of ponderous kinds, weighty notions, the greatest heavy weight as Nietzsche speaks of it: eternal recurrence. On this matter, see Nietzsche’s ambivalence towards Schiller’s idealism on BT 38-9. for further literature Babich 2010b), quite independently of Nietzsche and together with the assumption that the universe was, for example, closed or finite. Breazeale, p. 33. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The frozen temporal tableau of the ‘Moment’ in Vision and the Riddle is itself an echo, not only of the moonlight vision at the close of The Gay Science, but mirroring the dynamism of a lifetime, as Nietzsche sets the same insight into the tightrope walker—better said, tightrope dancer [Seiltänzer]—the performing acrobat who falls to his death in the middle of Zarathustra’s first speech. 43–50. Nietzsche details the biographical details that made Schopenhauer Schopenhauer, his mother, his father, his experience with travel and commerce as a result of his relation to the latter, his critical attitude towards the scholars and the scholarship of his day, his unwillingness to flatter or indeed to submit to the academic cartels, to put his finger on the great reason that Schopenhauer remains uninfluential as educator to this day: ‘Of all the offence Schopenhauer has given to numerous scholars, nothing has offended them more than the unfortunate fact that he does not resemble them’. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Nietzsche, Nachlaß, VIII 5 [9], KSA 12, 187; “Es giebt gar keinen Willen.” The important point about this statement is, that it appears as point 2, following on “1. No part of what Zarathustra says comforts the crushed man: ‘If you are speaking the truth,’ he said, ‘I leave nothing when I leave life. In a note dating from 1870-71, Nietzsche referred to his own philosophy as “inverting Platonism [umgedrehter Platonismus]: the further away from true being, the more pure, beautiful, better it is” (KSA 7, 7 [156], 199). C. Zuckert (1976) ‘Nature, History, and the Self: Nietzsche’s Untimely Considerations’, Nietzsche-Studien, 5: 55-82, offers an illuminating discussion that seeks to synthesize the philosophy of UM, and brings out Nietzsche’s worries about the consequences of modernity for the possibility of achieving common ground among individuals. KSA 3, p. 577. UM 1.7. Interpretation, 3(2 & 3), 97–113. 1, pp. One of the consequences of ponderous erudition is that it tends to weigh on both the writer and the reader. Nietzsches Wissenschaftsphilosophie. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 49, 1–4. (Z, Vision, §2) The man, so Zarathustra muses, had perhaps been asleep, think of the Orphic tradition which Nietzsche also follows as this features the Orphic egg, and Phanes wrapped round with a snake (cf. Nietzsche Contra Nietzsche. Babich, B. ), Den Manen Friedrich Nietzsches (pp. (Z, Prologue, §6). (HH II, §408). Most Nietzsche scholars and not just the analytic ones we are inclined to cut where they can: nothing too ponderous, and thus they make short work of such things. In any case, no matter whether one is able to contain or fails to contain in one soul ‘the oldest, the newer, losses, hopes, conquests, and the victories of humanity … and crowd it into a single feeling’ (GS 4, 337), what remains significant is the long run and the highest feeling. Durham: Acumen. On the idea of a ‘new enlightenment,’ in Nietzsche, see KSA 11:25[296], 11:26[293], 11:26[298], 11:27[79], 11:27[80], 11:29[40]. Lanham: Edward Mellen Press. Thus he writes, for example, The Gay Science—published in two parts, beginning with The Gay Science, Books 1-4, ending with the thought Nietzsche names his most ponderous: das grösste Schwergewicht—the greatest heavyweight. Wilamowitz-Möllendorff, U. V. (2000). Ibid., p.38 fn. Ancient philosophy, mystery, and magic: Empedocles and the pythagorean tradition. For a rich, illuminating discussion of Nietzsche’s approach to history, see C. Emden (2008) Friedrich Nietzsche and the Politics of History. Philologus. 9/10, 1–21. (Ibid.) (Deleuze, 2005, p. 91). Zarathustra, who goes to the side of the broken performer, comforts the dying man by telling him what follows from the Enlightenment, rationalistic and naturalistic and scientific account: ‘… there is no Devil and no Hell. Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil [1886], ed. Weizsäcker, C. F. V. (1999). The French surrealist author of the erotic, the librarian by day, Georges Bataille, writes his war diaries On Nietzsche (Bataille 1992), the esoteric secret to Nietzsche’s reception in France, as Bataille reflects on this same theme: ‘Desire: Nietzsche as Educator’ (Babich, 2015a, pp. Yet despite these derogatory remarks, Nietzsche employs Bildung (and Kultur) to refer to his own positive cultural ideal. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. At an early stage in his career Nietzsche saw his philosophic mission as anti-Platonic. 6-27. Rent and save from the world's largest eBookstore. Singapore: Springer. Pour Nietzsche, la civilisation se définit par l’unité dans le style et dans toutes les manifestations de la vie d’une communauté humaine1, 1. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag. 45 Burckhardt exposed his views on the modern state in his influential The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London: Penguin, 2004 [orig. — Friedrich Nietzsche, KSA 12:9 [60], taken from The Will to Power, section 585, translated by Walter Kaufmann. Walter Kaufmann, New York 1966, §26, p.38 (KSA 5/44–5). however Strauss himself 1973 cf. The prophet of our laughter: Or Nietzsche as — educator?. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey. Marianne Cowan (cited as PTAG in the text, with page numbers). Babich, B. Lemco, G. (1992). pub. Ahmedabad, India: Sriyogi Publications & Ntyalanda International. Their nature enables them to develop into higher humans, if they realise their potential by working hard at enhancing themselves. The reference to cosmology, noted via Maxwell and Lord Kelvin, matters not least as I argue (Babich, 2010c) because one may find it in Nietzsche’s own text, and scholars ought to take account of that (this is done vastly less than one would assume) but also because the mathematician Émile Poincaré offered a wonderfully stochastic proof of nothing less than the Eternal Return (cf. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Allison, 2001, p. vii) Nietzsche, as Allison goes on to explain, is a critic who taught his followers to be free spirits contra everything heavy and thus went on to pen his Zarathustra. In addition, among the existentialists there is Camus (Gordon 2016), certainly Foucault and even, so I argue, Arendt and de Beauvoir in addition to Luce Irigaray (1991; cf. J. Conant (2000) ‘Nietzsche’s Perfectionism: A Reading of Schopenhauer as Educator’, in R. Schacht (ed.) (2001). Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Nietzsche goes on further to list, by count, the various attributes of the scholar. Nietzsche, KSA 7, 165). 16–24). How can the thought of ‘what is heaviest and blackest’ work as Nietzsche says it does and what does it mean to emphasize the Pythagorean cure of biting into it? (2015b). Nietzsche’s philosophical context: An intellectual biography. John Locke was an important transitional figure from Hobbes to Rousseau and Kant in attempting to restore human dignity to an empiricist anthropology. Bitbol, M. (1998). (KSA 12, 473). And there are variants on the project, borrowing the language even for other thinkers, like ‘Wittgenstein as Educator’, (Stickney, 2017) patterned on Nietzsche’s usage with reference to Schopenhauer. Bloomington: University of Illinois Press. As noted this is the thought of death. Yet it is Nietzsche himself who insists in the last book of the first edition of The Gay Science that this thought—thought in just this way—is his heaviest thought: so he titles it, and, as if to match the challenge, promptly ends the book. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. Murphy, T. F. (1984). Willing and nothingness: Schopenhauer as Nietzsche’s Educator. The remedy counters ‘disgust and pallid horror’, paralyzed or frozen, with action against the biting snake: biting back. I have read and accept the terms and conditions, View permissions information for this article. Rivista di Estetica, 40, 105–119. Of course Wilamowitz-Möllendorff had reasons to discount Nietzsche’s erudition, he was himself ambitious and one can argue, per contra, that Nietzsche’s work reflects no shortage of erudition including unprecedented scholarly discoveries and so on (Babich, 2016; Barnes, 1986; Benne, 2005; Brobjer, 2008; Whitman 2017, etc.). References to these volumes are therefore given as volume number, followed by page number, so that, for instance, KSA 5:257 refers to the first page of the main text of Zur Genealogie der Moral . See also D. Owen (2009) ‘Autonomy, Self-Respect, and Self-Love: Nietzsche on Ethical Agency’, in K. G. May (ed.) Nietzsche, Nachlaß, VIII 5 [9], KSA 12, 187; “Es giebt gar keinen Willen.” The important point about this statement is, that it appears as point 2, following on “1. Rather, Nietzsche’s culture specifically incorporates tragic wisdom and justifies human life nonetheless. At the same time, Nietzsche thinks that this sickness is ‘like pregnancy’ - that is, it is not a fact to be regretted, but rather to be celebrated for its creative potential. Philadelphia: Penn State Press. (2013). Avebury: Ashgate. Babich, B. PESA Agora has been set up by the Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia (PESA), a learned society with international membership that has been operating for over 50 years now and is incorporated as a non-profit charity in Australia. For more information view the SAGE Journals Sharing page. In C. Wellmon & P. Reitter (eds), Anti-Education. The thought itself is shrouded in hypotheticals, if one were able to think it, if one could allow it to take hold of one, we are informed that it would be more than ponderous: it would transform or maybe, the alter- native is never vanquished, crush us. Don’t we know that he abandoned his profession, with all its ponderous, dust-laden scholarship? (2015a). (Weeks, 2017) catchier than the born-again evangelist’s empty question (both queries presume one already knows the answer): what would Jesus do? Barnes, J. 4 years ago. Berlin: de Gruyter. Rivista di Estetica, 45(28), 17–23. 12, p. 287-288. Wolin, R. (2006). Thus Deleuze defines the Overman, and this is the Deleuzian Ideal: ‘The Overman refers specifically to the gathering of all that can be affirmed, the superior form of what is, the figure that represents selective Being, its offspring and subjectivity’. On this point, see D. Owen (2002) ‘Equality, Democracy, and Self-Respect: Reflections on Nietzsche’s Agonal Perfectionism’, Journal of Nietzsche Studies 113-31, who situates Nietzsche’s critique of the Enlightenment with other critics of mass society and defenders of human excellence, such as John Stuart Mill and Alexis de Tocqueville. The ethics of geometry: A genealogy of modernity. 103–117. In: K. Ansell-Pearson & A. Schrift (eds), The history of continental philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Nietzsche avance cette thèse dans une interprétation du positivisme qui affirme qu’il n’y a que des faits : « non, il n’y a précisément pas de faits, mais que des interprétations » (Fragments posthumes fin 1886 – printemps 1887 7 [60], KSA 12, 315). Equality, democracy, and self-respect: Reflections on Nietzsche’s Agonal Perfectionism. Nous indiquons de préférence le texte de Nietzsche dans l’édition allemande des œuvres complètes. Culture remains a divisive issue in liberal democracies, and this article argues Nietzsche offers a principled middle ground between the conservative and progressive camps of recent and ongoing ‘culture wars’. ... "The Problem of Socrates" 7.] Relevance. Hoyer, T. (2002). All the goals of education are served by this model, as opposed to educational goals that are bootless from the point of view of profit: ‘what counts as valid: namely, a speedy education so that one may quickly become a money-earning being, yet at the same time an education sufficiently thorough to enable one to earn a very great deal of money’. View or download all the content the society has access to. Heelan, P. A. Nietzsche, KSA 7, 165) In any case, no matter whether one is able to contain or fails to contain in one soul ‘the oldest, the newer, losses, hopes, conquests, and the victories of humanity … and crowd it into a single feeling’ (GS 4, 337), what remains significant is the long run and the highest feeling. This blesses what changes, including old age and death. With the festive season approaching, we are having our first funding drive, so if you are able to, please go to our donation page and donate to PESA Agora, to fund its ongoing development. Nietzsche als Erzieher, Nietzsche-Forschung. 181–257). Leipzig: Naumann. See UM 2.10 on Nietzsche’s praise of the Greeks and for further discussion J. Vol. Nietzsche approached the problem of nihilism as a deeply personal one, stating that this problem of the modern world had "become conscious" in him. What returns is nothing but the everydayness, the routine time of the everyday: just what was, the stone fact that, like Mozart’s stone guest, attests to the persistence of the past, that is what has been. Notre Dame. In this way, the profound Hellene was saved: art had saved him.31 Here Nietzsche emancipates himself from Schopenhauer. I don't say that lightly. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press. Babich, 2010a). London: Continuum. The Guardian, 8 January. And The Gay Science has an aphorism of the same title, suggesting that ‘the brotherhood of death’ that we share as mortal beings is the only brother- hood there is for living subjects of consciousness, for subjects of desire, for subjects such as our-selves, born to mortality and bound to die, whether we think about it or not: we will in any case. (Ibid.) Stickney, J. Friedrich Nietzsche, Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Briefe auf der Grundlage der Kritischen Gesamtausgabe Werke, herausgegeben von Giorgio Colli und Mazzino Montinari, Berlin/New York, Walter de Gruyter, 1967ff. Carlin, M., & Wallin, J. Why have we not a reference to Wagner? Nietzsche [L6/L7] 2016-7 Overview: This course seeks to explain and examine Nietzsche’s philosophy by focusing on a number of key interpretive issues. (2018). Borsche, Tilman, Frederico, Gerratana & Also, Venturelli. Nietzsche’s higher humans are based upon a special nature that they have by chance. München: Musarion. suppositions and means” has primacy (KSA 7:23[30]). Thus the thought Zarathustra calls his ‘most abysmal thought’ echoes the ponderousness of the conversation with the demon in The Gay Science. Here it is to the point to note that experts, unburdened by erudition, nota bene, not unlike Wilamowitz, have for their part accused Nietzsche of getting his Greek wrong (Babich, 2009, pp. In: K. Ansell-Pearson, & H. Caygill, (eds), The fate of the new Nietzsche (pp. 310-64. ‘Nature is a bad economist: its expenditure is much larger than the income it procures; all its wealth notwithstanding it is bound sooner or later to ruin itself’. counting with Cantorian dimensions. New York: Routledge. Benne, C. (2005). (2010a). Berlin: de Gruyter. Yet one way to do this, and many scholars find it useful is to skip references to other scholars or even the fact of their existence, all so many leaden drops. (1989). In T. Hart (Ed.). ‘This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more; and there will be nothing new in it …’ (GS 4, §341). Please read and accept the terms and conditions and check the box to generate a sharing link. The three character types representing these activities are the artist, saint, and philosopher - for insightful analysis see UM 3.5 and L. P. Thiele (1990) Friedrich Nietzsche and the Politics of the Soul: A Study of Heroic Individualism. (See Babich, 2014; further on Schrödinger and Indian philosophy, see Bitbol, 1998) Thus there is (and for the Stoics it was essential to reflect that there could be) no difference between the you that says I and the universe. He really was. One comment Lou. In: M. A. Peters & J. Stickney (eds), A companion to Wittgenstein on education (pp. Josefine Nauckhoff, aphorism 357. R. Geuss (1996) ‘Kultur, Bildung, Geist’, History and Theory 35(2): 151-64. The dwarf we will meet again later is already there, this time as evil hunchback, causing all manner of trouble, jumping over the dancer which causes him to lose his balance and thus his footing, crashing to the marketplace below. (Z, Prologue, §6), The figure of the tightrope dancer is essential. Yet what is meant by this, and what does it mean that Nietzsche’s particular educator or ‘exemplar’ as Tracy Strong among others argue for their own part—Strong brilliantly speaks of ‘philosophical cruising’ (Strong, 2000, xxx) in order to focus on the search for exemplar (see also the contributions to Hart, 2009, Fairfield, 2011, etc) — turns out to be Arthur Schopenhauer? My reading of Nietzsche takes aim at the interpretation of Nietzsche’s culture that prizes a mythology, a mere distraction from the tragic wisdom of the truth about nature and an immersion into artwork. — everything is will against will”: the whole note bears the title: “Exoteric — esoteric.” For Heraclitus’ Fragments: TEGP: Graham, W. Daniel. The ‘fundamental idea of culture’ consists of this ‘perfecting of nature’. K. Gemes (2009) ‘Nietzsche on Free Will, Autonomy, and the Sovereign Individual’ in K. G. May (ed.) Marine Lover of Friedrich Nietzsche, Gillian Gill, trans. Why not, and I argue elsewhere that a case could well be made, for Kant or for Hume? Kritische Studienausgabe, ed. Deleuze, G. (1986). August 1999. https://www.academia.edu/29024231/SCHR%C3%96DINGER_AND_INDIAN_ PHILOSOPHY. Nietzsche as Educator. The aim is the same as in art - its very own transfiguration and redemption (Erlösung)’. If you find you DO understand him, or agree with him, then I'd worry. O’Hara, D. T. (1981). (2008). … Suddenly it will be empty, everyone will have flown the nest: for it is easy to get rid of bad philosophers, one has only to cease rewarding them. e.g. ‘Nietzsche als Erzieher’ kontra ‘Nietzsche in der Pädagogik?’. Zarathustra’s children: A study of a lost generation of German writers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. UM 3.5 in which Nietzsche claims that ‘nature needs knowledge’, and ‘all nature presses towards man . F. Nietzsche (2001) Gay Science, ed. vehemently!anti8Platonic.! 7 Abbreviations. In M. A. Peters (Ed), Encyclopedia of educational philosophy and theory (pp. 4 Ibid. ‘— du wirst es jedenfalls’. of The Gay Science (1887), p.38 (KSA 4/352). Babich, B. Nietzsche’s references to the “false altruism of the biologists” (KSA 12:10 [13]; WP 6 5 3 ) a r e a d i r e c t c h a l l e n g e t o S trauss, to S pencer, and to Darwin himself. (SE §8). Login failed. Hence, as if in Plato’s cave, the drama is played out above and behind the speaking Zarathustra (Z, Prologue, §3). We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These have rightfully elicited Nietzsche’s commitment to an ethical ideal of ‘autonomy.’. Get Textbooks on Google Play. Allison, D. B. Nietzsche ‘establishes’ this stage only in an inchoate form in his early period work - Nietzsche’s mature period writings on the will to power and genealogy are required to fully flesh this stage out. Rowthorn, D. (2017). (BGE §6), In place of the antinomies this is also why Nietzsche proposes so many ‘questions of con- science for the intellect, namely, “Whence do I take the concept thinking? Brisson, L., & Meyerstein, F. W. (1995). The fewer axioms, the better. W. Connolly (2002) Identity/Difference: Democratic Negotiations of Political Paradox. Nietzsche is in turn appropriating this Schillerian point for his theory of culture. Nietzsche makes an empirical assumption that many Enlightenment thinkers have questioned, that the cultural distinction between the few and the many is unbridgeable. By continuing to browse While A. Nehamas and others have defended a formal understanding of Nietzsche’s ethics based on aesthetic principles of order and harmony: Nehamas (1987) Nietzsche: Life as Literature. by Anne Boyman. It is for such a love that Nietzsche found—that he took—Schopenhauer as educator. See also HAH 26. The aim is the same as in art - its very own transfiguration and redemption (Erlösung)’ Google Scholar. The third responds to Rawlsian liberalism with a democratic perfectionism in S. Cavell (1990) Conditions Handsome and Unhandsome: The Constitution of Emersonian Perfectionism. Let us consider that just a little more closely. 263–290). Get Textbooks on Google Play. Educational Theory, 48(1), 67–83. Syrjämäki, S. (2009). A list of puns related to "Nietzsche" Someone asked me to name a greater philosopher than Nietzsche. Rattner, J. Create a link to share a read only version of this article with your colleagues and friends. Taking this approach, however, risks confusing aspects of the Nietzsche legend with what is important in his philosophical work, and many commentators are rightly skeptical of readings derived pri… KSA 9:11[157], 11[203], 11[311]), and he continually makes use of traditional images of cyclical time, such as the wheel (Rad) of time and the image of the ourobouros. Nietzsche brings us full circle, why Schopenhauer? In this way we see, the shepherd trans- formed, transfigured: ‘surrounded with light, laughing’ a human being like no other Zarathustra had ever seen and the result is an other-human laughter: ‘Never yet on earth had a human being laughed as he laughed’. After all, Nietzsche himself tells us to raise the question he pronounced himself the very first to raise, namely the very radically and in the spirit of the first critique, the very critically Kantian question of science, as such as a question (see Babich, 2010c as well Babich, 2010b, 2014). Nietzsche on Rock and Stone: The Dead World, Dance and Flight.
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